SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard BITPIX = 16 / number of bits per data pixel NAXIS = 0 / number of data axes EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'AstronomyCOMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H HDUNAME = 'PRIMARY ' LONGSTRN= 'OGIP 1.0' / The HEASARC Long String Convention may be used.COMMENT This FITS file may contain long string keyword values that are COMMENT continued over multiple keywords. The HEASARC convention uses the & COMMENT character at the end of each substring which is then continued COMMENT on the next keyword which has the name CONTINUE. DATE = '2010-04-08T10:49:31' / Date and time of file creation DATE-OBS= '2006-04-18T20:40:27' / Observation start date DATE-END= '2006-04-19T05:23:57' / Observation end date TIMESYS = 'TT ' / Time system MJDREF = 5.0814000000000E+04 / MJD zero point for times TIMEZERO= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Clock correction TIMEUNIT= 's ' / Time unit CLOCKAPP= T / default TSTART = 2.6178002738646E+08 / Observation start time TSTOP = 2.6181143748792E+08 / Observation end time MISSION = 'AXAF ' / Mission TELESCOP= 'CHANDRA ' / Telescope INSTRUME= 'ACIS ' / Instrument OBS_ID = '6972 ' / Observation id SEQ_NUM = '800605 ' / Sequence number ORIGIN = 'ASC ' / Source of FITS file CREATOR = 'mkwarf - Version CIAO 4.2' / tool that created this output MJD_OBS = 5.3843861428084E+04 / Modified Julian date of observation DS_IDENT= 'ADS/Sa.CXO#obs/06972' / dataset identifier CHECKSUM= 'nWM7qWK5nWK5nWK5' / HDU checksum updated 2010-04-08T10:49:31 DATASUM = ' ' / data unit checksum updated 2010-04-08T10:49:29 END XTENSION= 'BINTABLE' / binary table extension BITPIX = 8 / 8-bit bytes NAXIS = 2 / 2-dimensional binary table NAXIS1 = 12 / width of table in bytes NAXIS2 = 1070 / number of rows in table PCOUNT = 0 / size of special data area GCOUNT = 1 / one data group (required keyword) TFIELDS = 3 / number of fields in each row EXTNAME = 'SPECRESP' / name of this binary table extension HDUNAME = 'SPECRESP' / ASCDM block name TTYPE1 = 'ENERG_LO' / Min Energy TFORM1 = '1E ' / format of field TUNIT1 = 'keV ' TTYPE2 = 'ENERG_HI' / Max Energy TFORM2 = '1E ' / format of field TUNIT2 = 'keV ' TTYPE3 = 'SPECRESP' / Effective Area TFORM3 = '1E ' / format of field TUNIT3 = 'cm**2 ' EQUINOX = 2.0000000000000E+03 / default LONGSTRN= 'OGIP 1.0' / The HEASARC Long String Convention may be used.COMMENT This FITS file may contain long string keyword values that are COMMENT continued over multiple keywords. The HEASARC convention uses the & COMMENT character at the end of each substring which is then continued COMMENT on the next keyword which has the name CONTINUE. DATE = '2010-04-08T10:49:31' / Date and time of file creation DATE-OBS= '2006-04-18T20:40:27' / Observation start date OBS_MODE= 'POINTING' / Observation mode DATE-END= '2006-04-19T05:23:57' / Observation end date TIMESYS = 'TT ' / Time system MJDREF = 5.0814000000000E+04 / MJD zero point for times TIMEZERO= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Clock correction TIMEUNIT= 's ' / Time unit BTIMNULL= 2.5638837748498E+08 / Basic Time offset (s) DATACLAS= 'OBSERVED' / default RADECSYS= 'ICRS ' / default BTIMRATE= 2.5625001192363E-01 / Basic Time clock rate (s / VCDUcount) BTIMDRFT= 4.6934165979551E-18 / Basic Time clock drift (s / VCDUcount^2) BTIMCORR= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Correction applied to Basic Time rate (s) TIMEREF = 'LOCAL ' / Time reference (barycenter/local) TASSIGN = 'SATELLITE' / Time assigned by clock CLOCKAPP= T / default SIM_X = -7.8090834371673E-01 / SIM focus pos (mm) SIM_Y = 0.0000000000000E+00 / SIM orthogonal axis pos (mm) SIM_Z = -2.3358743446083E+02 / SIM translation stage pos (mm) FOC_LEN = 1.0070000000000E+04 / HRMA focal length (mm) TIERRELA= 1.0000000000000E-09 / default TIERABSO= 5.0000000000000E-05 / default TIMVERSN= 'ASC-FITS-2' / Timing system definition TSTART = 2.6178002738646E+08 / Observation start time GRATING = 'NONE ' / Grating DETNAM = 'ACIS-01236' / Detector RA_PNT = 4.9420811966832E+01 / Pointing RA DEC_PNT = -4.4409668626229E+01 / Pointing Dec ROLL_PNT= 2.0659563256047E+02 / Pointing Roll RA_TARG = 4.9490417000000E+01 / Observer's specified target RA DEC_TARG= -4.4238056000000E+01 / Observer's specified target Dec DEFOCUS = 1.4398718632593E-03 / SIM defocus (mm) RA_NOM = 4.9420811966832E+01 / Nominal RA DEC_NOM = -4.4409668626229E+01 / Nominal Dec ROLL_NOM= 2.0659563256047E+02 / Nominal Roll TSTOP = 2.6181143748792E+08 / Observation end time STARTOBT= 0.0000000000000E+00 / On-Board MET close to STARTMJF and STARTMNF TIMEPIXR= 5.0000000000000E-01 / default TIMEDEL = 3.1410400000000E+00 / timedel Lev1 (in seconds) CTI_CORR= T MISSION = 'AXAF ' / Mission TELESCOP= 'CHANDRA ' / Telescope INSTRUME= 'ACIS ' / Instrument READMODE= 'TIMED ' / Read mode DATAMODE= 'VFAINT ' / Data mode FLSHTIME= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Inferred duration of each flush. (s) CYCLE = 'P ' / events from which exps? Prim/Second/Both OBSERVER= 'Dr Maxim Markevitch' / Principal investigator OBJECT = 'A3112_OFF' / Source name OBS_ID = '6972 ' / Observation id SEQ_NUM = '800605 ' / Sequence number ONTIME = 3.0159886400074E+04 / [s] Sum of GTIs LIVETIME= 2.9765825280871E+04 / [s] Livetime EXPOSURE= 2.9765825280871E+04 / [s] Exposure time DTCOR = 9.8693426381071E-01 / Dead time correction ASPTYPE = 'KALMAN ' FP_TEMP = 1.5344601440000E+02 / [K] Focal Plane Temperature ORIGIN = 'ASC ' / Source of FITS file CREATOR = 'mkwarf - Version CIAO 4.2' / tool that created this output ASCDSVER= 'CIAO 4.2' / ASCDS version number MJD_OBS = 5.3843861428084E+04 / Modified Julian date of observation DS_IDENT= 'ADS/Sa.CXO#obs/06972' / dataset identifier REVISION= 1 / Processing version of data CHECKSUM= '4FHk6C9j4CEj4C9j' / HDU checksum updated 2010-04-08T10:49:31 DATASUM = '3040089578' / data unit checksum updated 2010-04-08T10:49:31 RAND_SKY= 5.0000000000000E-01 RAND_PI = 1.0000000000000E+00 TITLE = 'VERIFICATION OF THE CLUSTER GAS FRACTION AS A COSMOLOGICAL TOOL' / PrHDUCLASS= 'OGIP ' HDUCLAS1= 'RESPONSE' HDUCLAS2= 'SPECRESP' HDUVERS = '1.1.0 ' / HDU version HDUVERS1= '1.0.0 ' / HDU version HDUVERS2= '1.1.0 ' / HDU version CHANTYPE= 'PI ' / Channel Type DETCHANS= 1070 / Number of detector channels ARFVERSN= '1992a ' / RMF version number CONTENT = 'SPECRESP' THRSHLD = 0.0000000000000E+00 / FEF contrib percentage cutoff HISTNUM = 72 HISTORY TOOL :mkwarf 2010-04-08T10:49:31 ASC00001HISTORY PARM :infile=../../acisf06972/products/spectra/fullrun_ccd3_acASC00002HISTORY CONT :isf06972_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src25.pi[WMAP] ASC00003HISTORY PARM :outfile=../../acisf06972/products/spectra/fullrun_ccd3_aASC00004HISTORY CONT :cisf06972_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src25.warf ASC00005HISTORY PARM :weightfile=../../acisf06972/products/spectra/fullrun_ccdASC00006HISTORY CONT :3_acisf06972_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src25.wfef ASC00007HISTORY PARM :spectrumfile= ASC00008HISTORY PARM :egridspec=0.3:11.0:0.01 ASC00009HISTORY PARM :pbkfile=../../acisf06972/data/aux/acisf261780648N001_pbkASC00010HISTORY CONT :0.fits.gz ASC00011HISTORY PARM :threshold=0 ASC00012HISTORY PARM :feffile=CALDB ASC00013HISTORY PARM :mskfile= ASC00014HISTORY PARM :asolfile= ASC00015HISTORY PARM :mirror=HRMA ASC00016HISTORY PARM :detsubsysmod= ASC00017HISTORY PARM :dafile=CALDB ASC00018HISTORY PARM :ardlibpar=ardlib ASC00019HISTORY PARM :geompar=geom ASC00020HISTORY PARM :clobber=yes ASC00021HISTORY PARM :verbose=0 ASC00022FEFFILE = '/opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/acis/fef_pha/acisD2000-01-29fef_ph&'CONTINUE 'aN0005.fits' / FITS Embedded function file HISTORY PARM :ARDLIB Version: 0.8.4 ASC00023HISTORY PARM :File used for CALDB info: ../../acisf06972/products/specASC00024HISTORY CONT :tra/fullrun_ccd3_acisf06972_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src25.pi[WASC00025HISTORY CONT :MAP] ASC00026HISTORY PARM :Parameter file: /home/xassist/cxcds_param4/ardlib.par ASC00027HISTORY PARM :Vignetting File: /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/defaulASC00028HISTORY CONT :t/vignet/hrmaD1996-12-20vignetN0003.fits[1] ASC00029HISTORY PARM :Onaxis Area File: /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/defauASC00030HISTORY CONT :lt/axeffa/hrmaD1996-12-20axeffaN0008.fits[1] ASC00031HISTORY PARM :ACIS QE File: /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/acis/qe/aASC00032HISTORY CONT :cisD1997-04-17qeN0006.fits[4] ASC00033HISTORY PARM :ACIS Uniformity File: /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/aASC00034HISTORY CONT :cis/qeu/acisD2000-01-29qeuN0006.fits[4] ASC00035HISTORY PARM :ACIS Contamination File: /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandrASC00036HISTORY CONT :a/acis/contam/acisD1999-08-13contamN0005.fits[4] ASC00037HISTORY PARM :ACIS 3 Badpix File: /xassist/data/pipeline4/chandra/6949ASC00038HISTORY CONT :/acisf06949/data/aux/acisf06949_000N001_bpix1.fits.gz[BAASC00039HISTORY CONT :DPIX3] ASC00040HISTORY PARM :File used for CALDB info: ../../acisf06972/products/specASC00041HISTORY CONT :tra/fullrun_ccd3_acisf06972_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src25.pi[WASC00042HISTORY CONT :MAP] ASC00043HISTORY PARM :File used for CALDB info: ../../acisf06972/products/specASC00044HISTORY CONT :tra/fullrun_ccd3_acisf06972_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src25.pi[WASC00045HISTORY CONT :MAP] ASC00046HISTORY PARM :PIXLIB Version: 4.0.0 ASC00047HISTORY PARM :****** PIXLIB Parameter File ***** ASC00048HISTORY PARM :/opt/ciao-4.2/param/geom.par: ASC00049HISTORY PARM :instruments = /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/default/ASC00050HISTORY CONT :geom/telD1999-07-23geomN0005.fits(CALDB) ASC00051HISTORY PARM :aimpoints = /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/default/ASC00052HISTORY CONT :aimpts/telD1999-07-23aimptsN0002.fits(CALDB) ASC00053HISTORY PARM :tdet = /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/default/ASC00054HISTORY CONT :tdet/telD1999-07-23tdetN0001.fits(CALDB) ASC00055HISTORY PARM :sky = /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/default/ASC00056HISTORY CONT :sky/telD1999-07-23skyN0001.fits(CALDB) ASC00057HISTORY PARM :shell = /opt/ciao-4.2/CALDB/data/chandra/default/ASC00058HISTORY CONT :sgeom/telD1999-07-23sgeomN0001.fits(CALDB) ASC00059HISTORY PARM :obsfile = nowT00:00:00() ASC00060HISTORY PARM :****** PIXLIB System Configuration ****** ASC00061HISTORY PARM :Telescope = Chandra ASC00062HISTORY PARM :Focal Length (mm) = 10070.000 ASC00063HISTORY PARM :Detector = ACIS ASC00064HISTORY PARM :Focal Plane Sys. = FP-1.1 ASC00065HISTORY PARM :Tiled Detector Plane Sys. = ACIS-2.2 ASC00066HISTORY PARM :SIM Offset (mm) = (0.684 0.75 236.552) ASC00067HISTORY PARM :Aim Point(NONE) (mm) = (-0.780908 0 -233.587) ASC00068HISTORY PARM :Grating Arm = HEG ASC00069HISTORY PARM :Grating Order = 1 ASC00070HISTORY PARM :Dispersion Plane Sys. = ASC-GDP-1.1 ASC00071HISTORY PARM :Rowland Circle (mm) = 8632.48 ASC00072END >>RR> =,> >>X>>{>'D>{>33>>33>Q?!w>Q>p?]u}>p>\?p>\>Ǯ?&>Ǯ>@>>@if>> =@W> =>(@>(>G@·_>G>ff@[>ff>A>>A6(>>AZ>>HA5h>H?A??\A[W?\?AZ??A?? =qAg~? =q? A ~? ?\)AL ?\)?AM??zAg?z? =Ac? =?A3??(A߅5?(?RAM?R?!GB ln?!G?# B(|?# ?&ffB*?&ff?(B=a?(?+BQ?+?.{Bf?.{?0Bz?0?333BP^?333?5B~@0?5?8QB$g?8Q?:HB?:H?=pBN?=p?@B7?@?B\B?B\?EBv?E?GBuZ?G?J=qBz?J=q?LBE?L?O\)BIb?O\)?QC?Q?TzC ]D?Tz?W =C?W =?YC2"?Y?\(C"?\(?^RC*?^R?aGC1^L?aG?c C8L?c ?fffC??fff?hCG-y?h?kCN%?k?n{CU0?n{?pC\Gv?p?s33CcT?s33?uCje?u?xQCqz>?xQ?zHCx?zH?}pC?}p?C,%??GC?G?\C`?\? C_? ?Cd??ffCG?ff?C$??CJ??=qC_?=q?Cq??CN??{C3?{?\)C;{C@>{@>RC}@>R@?\)C%@?\)@@C'@@@@CD\@@@AGCG@AG@AC4@A@B\C@B\@C33C@C33@C CQZ@C @DzC@Dz@EC@E@EC.:@E@FffC@Fff@G =CC@G =@GC4{@G@HQCw.@HQ@HC@H@IC4@I@J=qCN@J=q@JHC@JH@KC@K@L(C@L(@LCʆ@L@MpC~@Mp@N{C@N{@NRC(@NR@O\)CO@O\)@PC@P@PC@P@QGCy@QG@QCS@Q@R\CK@R\@S33C@S33@S C@S @TzC$1@Tz@UCU~@U@UC@U@VffC"@Vff@W =C@W =@WC@W@XQCh@XQ@XC@X@YC@Y@Z=qCQ@Z=q@ZHCJ@ZH@[C@[@\(C@\(@\C{@\@]pC9@]p@^{C(@^{@^RC]@^R@_\)C@_\)@`C @`@`C@`@aGC=|@aG@aCsv@a@b\Ci@b\@c33CQ@c33@c C@c @dzCy@dz@eCBJ@e@eC`@e@fffC~@fff@g =C@g =@gC@g@hQC @hQ@hC@h@iC>;@i@j=qCZ@j=q@jHCt@jH@kC@k@l(C@l(@lCĽ@l@mpC@mp@n{C3@n{@nRC @nR@o\)C\@o\)@pC@p@pC%@p@qGC2i@qG@qC?@q@r\CO@r\@s33C_@s33@s Chg@s @tzCj@tz@uCk@u@uCM@u@vffC@vff@w =Co@w =@wC@w@xQCn@xQ@xC@x@yCw@y@z=qC@z=q@zHC@zH@{CI@{@|(Cˏ@|(@|C@|@}pCZ@}p@~{C"@~{@~RC5@~R@\)CL@\)@CbM@@QCtn@Q@C@@Cr@@GC3@G@Cb@@CL@@=qC=@=q@\C/@\@HC@H@33C@33@C@@ C=@ @(CR@(@zC @z@C@@Cu@@pC]@p@CEA@@{C+@{@ffC@ff@RC@R@ =C@ =@\)Cy@\)@C@@Co%@@QCM@Q@C,@@C @@GC@G@C@@C[@@=qCb9@=q@\C/@\@HCX@H@33Cܹ@33@CP@@ Cc#@ @(C@(@zCj@z@C@@CC@@pCL@p@C @@{Cԝ@{@ffC~@ff@RC`@R@ =C@ =@\)C@\)@C\@@C]@@QC@Q@C2@@C@@GCP!@G@C f@@C@@=qCc@=q@\C @\@HC@H@33Ch6@33@C}@@ C@ @(C]@(@zC @z@C?@@CZz@@pC*@p@C@@{C1`@{@ffC@ff@RCw@R@ =C/@ =@\)C@\)@CU@@C@@QC@Q@C)]@@C@@GC]@G@C@@C@@=qC@=q@\C1@\@HCD@H@33C@33@C{@@ C@ @(C@(@zC&@z@C@@CP-@@pC@p@CQl@@{Ck@{@ffC[@ff@RC@R@ =Ceu@ =@\)C@\)@Ci7@@C@@QCdj@Q@C@@CY@@GCC@G@CT@@C@@=qCJ@=q@\CZ@\@HC:@H@33C@33@C,@@ C@ @(C3@(@zC@z@C4@@@C@@pC%Y@p@Ce@@{C@{@ffC7@ff@RC h@R@ =C@ =@\)C@\)@Cm@@C݊@@QCP@Q@C7@@C:@@GCVF@G@C~7@@C}8@@=qC| C@=q@\Cz@\@HCy@H@33Cxv@33@Cw*@@ Cv@ @(CuqF@(@zCtAN@z@Cs@@Cq@@pCp@p@CoƋ@@{Cn@{@ffCm@ff@RCl@R@ =Ckp@ =@\)CjGs@\)@Ci<@@Ch2@@QCg@Q@Ce@@Cd@@GCc@G@Cb@@Ca@@=qC`x@=q@\C_p@\@HC^`-@H@33C]P=@33@C\?b@@ C[-@ @(CZx@(@zCY@z@CX @@CW@@pCV@p@CU@@{CT @{@ffCS @ff@RCR&@R@ =CQ.@ =@\)CP @\)@CO@@CNf@@QCM#@Q@CL@@CK@@GCJ5@G@CI@@CG@@=qCFa@=q@\CE@\@HCD8@H@33CCi@33@CB@@ CA@ @(C@ڀ@(@zC?@z@C>@@C=@@pC=_@p@C@@ By@ @(BwK@(@zBu@z@Br޽@@Bp6@@pBnX=@p@Bl@@{Bj#@{@ffBh!@ff@RBf@R@ =Bd@ =@\)Ba@\)@B_=@@B]@@QB[@Q@BY"@@BXM@@GBV)[@G@BT>^@@BRm@@=qBQJ@=q@\BO|@\@HBMH@H@33BK@33@BI'@@ BG|@ @(BE@(@zBD(@z@BBj@@B@@@pB?@@p@B=-@@{B<"@{@ffB:q@ff@RB8@R@ =B7L@ =@\)B5r@\)@B4L@@B2H@@QB1aI@Q@B/@@B.b@@GB,H@G@B+DC@@B)@@=qB(|"@=q@\B'&@\@HB%@H@33B$g@33@B#@@ B!S@ @(B *@(@zB@z@B@@Bu@@pB&e@p@B@@{B@{@ffBS@ff@RB@R@ =Ba@ =@\)B @\)@B@ABKYAA(BA(AQBAQAzB AzAB AAB yAAB ejAAB cAAGBb/AGApBI ApAB0AAByAABAA{BA{A=qBJA=qAffBAffA\AmA\ARAARAHA}AHA =A A =A33A*A33A\)A7A\)AA0AAA,UAA AQA AAxAA(AA(AQAŪAQAzAAzAA>AAA吃AAAްAAA)bAAGAv-AGApAޞ2ApAAȪAAA>AAA\AA{A׳A{A=qAA=qAffAR]AffA\AҧUA\ARAzARAHA\AHA =A֨A =A33ARKA33A\)AgA\)AAEAAAǿAA AKA AAٿAA(AmA(AQAAQAzA[AzAACAAADAAAAA A8!A A GAA GA pA.A pA AF A A AeA A Aq{A A {AA {A =qAA =qA ffAsXA ffA \A'A \A RAXA RA HA}A HA =A2A =A 33AA 33A \)AkA \)A A)GAAAARAHA#]AHA =A!+A =A33AKA33A\)AFA\)AAHAAAAA ASA AAAA(AщA(AQA{AQAzAjAzAAAAA AAA 8*AAA RAAGAAGApA)4ApAAnVAAAAAA/AA{AVA{A=q@3A=qAff@6=AffA\@A\AR@ ARAH@fAHA =@A =A33@됎A33A\)@2A\)A@rpAA@jKAA @߄RA A@ܣAA(@٩rA(AQ@֖rAQAz@ӉeAzA@ЅAA@͈HAA@ʨ/AA@pAAG@$AGAp@bApA@ AA@SAA@ AA{@`A{A=q@A=qAff@AffA\@BA\AR@kARAH@mAHA =@A =A33@BA33A\)@PA\)A@AA@dAA @ A A @A A (@OCA (A Q@A QA z@i3A zA @hA A @kA A @A A!@|A!A!G@A!GA!p@xA!pA!@WA!A!@|A!A!@w>A!A"{@sA"{A"=q@n1A"=qA"ff@iWA"ffA"\@dA"\A"R@_SA"RA"H@[>A"HA# =@VA# =A#33@Q^A#33A#\)@M@A#\)A#@HA#A#@C܊A#A# @?A# A$@;m9A$A$(@7QA$(A$Q@3N'A$QA$z@/OA$zA$@+!A$A$@&A$A$@#/A$A%@HA%A%G@A%GA%p@A%pA%@QA%A%@}A%A%@ T,A%A&{@/A&{A&=q@MA&=qA&ff@A&ffA&\?A&\A&R?A&RA&H?6A&HA' =? A' =A'33?VA'33A'\)?ٗA'\)A'?-A'A'?:A'A' ?'2A' A(?,A(A((?A((A(Q?A(QA(z?A(zA(?A(A(?LA(A(?kA(A)?A)A)G?\eA)GA)p?NVA)pA)?EA)A)?\PA)A)?{A)A*{?q}A*{A*=q?iyCA*=qA*ff?aiA*ffA*\?YmA*\A*R?RjA*RA*H?K#HA*HA+ =?D޶A+ =A+33?>A+33A+\)?8mA+\)A+?3!A+A+?-1A+A+ ?(5A+ A,?"dA,A,(?(A,(A,Q?A,QA,z?"A,zA,?CA,A,? A,A,? A,A-?ڠA-A-G?GA-GA-p>A-pA-> zA-A->8bA-A->腮A-A.{>A.{A.=q>۫A.=qA.ff>Մ A.ffA.\>φ.A.\A.R>ɯA.RA.H>A.HA/ =>aA/ =A/33>A/33A/\)>dA/\)A/>A/A/>A A/A/ >UA/ A0>a