SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard BITPIX = 16 / number of bits per data pixel NAXIS = 0 / number of data axes EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'AstronomyCOMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H HDUNAME = 'PRIMARY ' / ASCDM block name LONGSTRN= 'OGIP 1.0' / The HEASARC Long String Convention may be used.COMMENT This FITS file may contain long string keyword values that are COMMENT continued over multiple keywords. The HEASARC convention uses the & COMMENT character at the end of each substring which is then continued COMMENT on the next keyword which has the name CONTINUE. ORIGIN = 'ASC ' / Source of FITS file CREATOR = 'mkarf v0.6.2-0' / Program creating this file MJD_OBS = 5.5242112597905E+04 / Modified Julian date of observation DS_IDENT= 'ADS/Sa.CXO#obs/10956' / dataset identifier CHECKSUM= 'ZiSHehREZhREdhRE' / HDU checksum updated 2011-07-17T18:22:13 DATASUM = ' ' / data unit checksum updated 2011-03-16T23:57:11 DATE = '2011-07-17T18:22:13' / Date and time of file creation DATE-OBS= '2010-02-15T02:42:08' / Observation start date DATE-END= '2010-02-15T11:09:51' / Observation end date TIMESYS = 'TT ' / Time system MJDREF = 5.0814000000000E+04 / MJD zero point for times TIMEZERO= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Clock correction TIMEUNIT= 's ' / Time unit CLOCKAPP= T / default DETNAM = 'ACIS-1 ' / ACIS-I1 FILTER = ' ' GRATING = 'NONE ' CYCLE = 'P ' / events from which exps? Prim/Second/Both SIM_X = -7.8090834371673E-01 / [mm] SIM offset SIM_Y = 0.0000000000000E+00 / [mm] SIM offset SIM_Z = -2.3358743446083E+02 / [mm] SIM offset TSTART = 3.8258892845901E+08 / Observation start time TSTOP = 3.8261939146056E+08 / Observation end time MISSION = 'AXAF ' / Mission TELESCOP= 'CHANDRA ' / Telescope Used INSTRUME= 'ACIS ' / Instrument OBS_ID = '10956 ' / Observation id SEQ_NUM = '200588 ' / Sequence number END XTENSION= 'BINTABLE' / binary table extension BITPIX = 8 / 8-bit bytes NAXIS = 2 / 2-dimensional binary table NAXIS1 = 12 / width of table in bytes NAXIS2 = 1070 / number of rows in table PCOUNT = 0 / size of special data area GCOUNT = 1 / one data group (required keyword) TFIELDS = 3 / number of fields in each row EXTNAME = 'SPECRESP' / Imaging ARF HDUNAME = 'SPECRESP' / ASCDM block name CONTENT = 'SPECRESP' HDUVERS = '1.1.0 ' HDUCLASS= 'OGIP ' HDUCLAS1= 'RESPONSE' HDUCLAS2= 'SPECRESP' HDUVERS1= '1.0.0 ' / Obsolete Keyword HDUVERS2= '1.1.0 ' / Obsolete Keyword ARFVERSN= '1992a ' / Obsolete Keyword TTYPE1 = 'ENERG_LO' / Energy TFORM1 = '1E ' / format of field TUNIT1 = 'keV ' TLMIN1 = 0.0000000E+00 TLMAX1 = 2.0000000E+01 TTYPE2 = 'ENERG_HI' / Effective Area TFORM2 = '1E ' / format of field TUNIT2 = 'keV ' TLMIN2 = 0.0000000E+00 TLMAX2 = 2.0000000E+01 TTYPE3 = 'SPECRESP' / Effective Area TFORM3 = '1E ' / format of field TUNIT3 = 'cm**2 ' LONGSTRN= 'OGIP 1.0' / The HEASARC Long String Convention may be used.COMMENT This FITS file may contain long string keyword values that are COMMENT continued over multiple keywords. The HEASARC convention uses the & COMMENT character at the end of each substring which is then continued COMMENT on the next keyword which has the name CONTINUE. ORIGIN = 'ASC ' / Source of FITS file CREATOR = 'mkarf v0.6.2-0' / Program creating this file ASCDSVER= 'CIAO 4.3' / ASCDS version number MJD_OBS = 5.5242112597905E+04 / Modified Julian date of observation DS_IDENT= 'ADS/Sa.CXO#obs/10956' / dataset identifier REVISION= 1 / Processing version of data CHECKSUM= 'aneUalbRalbRalbR' / HDU checksum updated 2011-07-17T18:22:13 DATASUM = '109440311' / data unit checksum updated 2011-07-17T18:22:13 RAND_SKY= 5.0000000000000E-01 RAND_PI = 1.0000000000000E+00 EQUINOX = 2.0000000000000E+03 / default DATE = '2011-07-17T18:22:13' / Date and time of file creation DATE-OBS= '2010-02-15T02:42:08' / Observation start date OBS_MODE= 'POINTING' / Observation mode DATE-END= '2010-02-15T11:09:51' / Observation end date TIMESYS = 'TT ' / Time system MJDREF = 5.0814000000000E+04 / MJD zero point for times TIMEZERO= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Clock correction TIMEUNIT= 's ' / Time unit BTIMNULL= 3.7791207308470E+08 / Basic Time offset (s) DATACLAS= 'OBSERVED' / default BTIMRATE= 2.5625001296548E-01 / Basic Time clock rate (s / VCDUcount) BTIMDRFT= 1.0559230776084E-18 / Basic Time clock drift (s / VCDUcount^2) FILTER = 'NONE ' / QE includes all filters RESPFILE= '0.3:11.0:0.01' / RMF File ASPFILE = '../../acisf10956/products/aux/asphist_1.fits.gz' / Aspect Histogram FBTIMCORR= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Correction applied to Basic Time rate (s) TIMEREF = 'LOCAL ' / Time reference (barycenter/local) TASSIGN = 'SATELLITE' / Time assigned by clock CLOCKAPP= T / default SIM_X = -7.8090834371673E-01 / [mm] SIM offset SIM_Y = 0.0000000000000E+00 / [mm] SIM offset SIM_Z = -2.3358743446083E+02 / [mm] SIM offset FOC_LEN = 1.0070000000000E+04 / HRMA focal length (mm) TIERRELA= 1.0000000000000E-09 / default TIERABSO= 5.0000000000000E-05 / default TIMVERSN= 'ASC-FITS-2' / Timing system definition TSTART = 3.8258892845901E+08 / Observation start time GRATING = 'NONE ' / Grating DETNAM = 'ACIS-1 ' / ACIS-I1 RA_PNT = 3.0826925128971E+02 / Pointing RA DEC_PNT = 4.1232913791600E+01 / Pointing Dec ROLL_PNT= 2.7403657827947E+01 / Pointing Roll RA_TARG = 3.0826162600000E+02 / Observer's specified target RA DEC_TARG= 4.1227233000000E+01 / Observer's specified target Dec DEFOCUS = 1.4398718632593E-03 / SIM defocus (mm) RA_NOM = 3.0826925128971E+02 / Nominal RA DEC_NOM = 4.1232913791600E+01 / Nominal Dec ROLL_NOM= 2.7403657827947E+01 / Nominal Roll TSTOP = 3.8261939146056E+08 / Observation end time STARTOBT= 0.0000000000000E+00 / On-Board MET close to STARTMJF and STARTMNF TIMEPIXR= 5.0000000000000E-01 / default TIMEDEL = 3.1410400000000E+00 / timedel Lev1 (in seconds) CTI_CORR= T CTI_APP = 'PPPPPBPBPP' MISSION = 'AXAF ' / Mission TELESCOP= 'CHANDRA ' / Telescope Used INSTRUME= 'ACIS ' / Instrument FRACEXPO= 9.4416077394834E-01 / Effective fractional exposure READMODE= 'TIMED ' / Read mode DATAMODE= 'VFAINT ' / Data mode FLSHTIME= 0.0000000000000E+00 / Inferred duration of each flush. (s) CYCLE = 'P ' / events from which exps? Prim/Second/Both TITLE = 'The Chandra Cygnus OB2 Survey' / Proposal title OBSERVER= 'Dr. Jeremy Drake' / Principal investigator OBJECT = 'Cygnus OB2' / Source name OBS_ID = '10956 ' / Observation id SEQ_NUM = '200588 ' / Sequence number ONTIME = 2.8048674913287E+04 / [s] Sum of GTIs ONTIME1 = 2.8048674913287E+04 / [s] Sum of GTIs LIVETIME= 2.7682198326411E+04 / [s] Livetime LIVTIME1= 2.7682198326411E+04 / [s] Livetime EXPOSURE= 2.7678951739043E+04 / [secs] Total exposure time EXPOSUR1= 2.7682198326411E+04 / [s] Exposure time DTCOR = 9.8693426381071E-01 / Dead time correction ASPTYPE = 'KALMAN ' FP_TEMP = 1.5328480530000E+02 / [K] Focal Plane Temperature RADESYS = 'ICRS ' / default HISTORY ----------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY MKARF Processing History HISTORY ----------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY Startup Directory: /xassist/data/pipeline4/chandra/10956/acisf10956/prodHISTORY ucts HISTORY Cmd Line: mkarf @@/tmp/tmptDEBm0.par mode=hl HISTORY Parameter file used: /tmp/tmptDEBm0.par HISTORY Detector Mask File: ../../acisf10956/data/aux/acisf10956_001N001_msk1.fiHISTORY ts.gz HISTORY Source SKY position: (4310.87,3434.18) HISTORY ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY ARDLIB History Records HISTORY ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY ARDLIB Version: 0.8.5 HISTORY File used for CALDB info: ../../acisf10956/products/events/fullrun_ccd1_HISTORY acisf10956_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src6_src.evt.gz HISTORY Parameter file: /opt/ciao-4.3/param/ardlib.par HISTORY ACIS QE File: /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/acis/qe/acisD1997-04-17qeHISTORY N0006.fits[2] HISTORY ACIS Uniformity File: /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/acis/qeu/acisD200HISTORY 0-01-29qeuN0006.fits[2] HISTORY ACIS Contamination File: /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/acis/contam/acHISTORY isD1999-08-13contamN0006.fits[2] HISTORY ACIS 1 Badpix File: /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/acis/badpix/acisD20HISTORY 00-11-28badpixN0003.fits[2] HISTORY Vignetting File: /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/default/vignet/hrmaD19HISTORY 96-12-20vignetN0003.fits[1] HISTNUM = 22 HISTORY Onaxis Area File: /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/default/axeffa/hrmaD1HISTORY 996-12-20axeffaN0008.fits[1] HISTORY ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY PIXLIB History Records HISTORY ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY PIXLIB Version: 4.0.0 HISTORY ****** PIXLIB Parameter File ***** HISTORY /opt/ciao-4.3/param/geom.par: HISTORY instruments = /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/default/geom/telD1999-07HISTORY -23geomN0006.fits(CALDB) HISTORY aimpoints = /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/default/aimpts/telD1999-HISTORY 07-23aimptsN0002.fits(CALDB) HISTORY tdet = /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/default/tdet/telD1999-07HISTORY -23tdetN0001.fits(CALDB) HISTORY sky = /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/default/sky/telD1999-07-HISTORY 23skyN0002.fits(CALDB) HISTORY shell = /opt/ciao-4.3/CALDB/data/chandra/default/sgeom/telD1999-0HISTORY 7-23sgeomN0001.fits(CALDB) HISTORY obsfile = nowT00:00:00() HISTORY ****** PIXLIB System Configuration ****** HISTORY Telescope = AXAF HISTORY Focal Length (mm) = 10070.000 HISTORY Detector = ACIS HISTORY Focal Plane Sys. = FP-1.1 HISTORY Tiled Detector Plane Sys. = ACIS-2.2 HISTORY SIM Offset (mm) = (0.684 0.75 236.552) HISTORY Aim Point(NONE) (mm) = (-0.780908 0 -233.587) HISTORY Grating Arm = HEG HISTORY Grating Order = 1 HISTORY Dispersion Plane Sys. = ASC-GDP-1.1 HISTORY Rowland Circle (mm) = 8632.48 HISTORY ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORY TOOL :mkarf 2011-07-17T18:22:13 ASC00001HISTORY PARM :asphistfile=../../acisf10956/products/aux/asphist_1.fitsASC00002HISTORY CONT :.gz ASC00003HISTORY PARM :outfile=../../acisf10956/products/spectra/fullrun_ccd1_aASC00004HISTORY CONT :cisf10956_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src6.arf ASC00005HISTORY PARM :sourcepixelx=4310.8653568 ASC00006HISTORY PARM :sourcepixely=3434.1840499 ASC00007HISTORY PARM :engrid=0.3:11.0:0.01 ASC00008HISTORY PARM :obsfile=../../acisf10956/products/events/fullrun_ccd1_acASC00009HISTORY CONT :isf10956_pi14-548_pass1_cl_src6_src.evt.gz ASC00010HISTORY PARM :pbkfile=../../acisf10956/data/aux/acisf382590346N001_pbkASC00011HISTORY CONT :0.fits.gz ASC00012HISTORY PARM :dafile=CALDB ASC00013HISTORY PARM :mirror=HRMA ASC00014HISTORY PARM :detsubsys=ACIS-I1 ASC00015HISTORY PARM :grating=NONE ASC00016HISTORY PARM :maskfile=../../acisf10956/data/aux/acisf10956_001N001_msASC00017HISTORY CONT :k1.fits.gz ASC00018HISTORY PARM :ardlibparfile=ardlib.par ASC00019HISTORY PARM :geompar=geom ASC00020HISTORY PARM :verbose=0 ASC00021HISTORY PARM :clobber=yes ASC00022END >>RR> => >>>>{>g>{>33>>33>Q?>Q>p?p>\?]>\>Ǯ?>Ǯ>?>>?>> =@3c> =>(@v<<>(>G@>G>ff@~>ff>A>>A `>>A=qs>>HAbj>H?A??\A?\?A??A?? =qA? =q? A|!? ?\)AJ%?\)?AM??zAd?z? =A? =?AΖX??(AD?(?RA?O\)?QC~?Q?TzC̱?Tz?W =Cs@?W =?YC&q5?Y?\(C.4R?\(?^RC6h?^R?aGC=m?aG?c CEF?c ?fffCMJ?fff?hCT?h?kC\I?k?n{Cc?n{?pCkH?p?s33Crǃ?s33?uCzI?u?xQC ?xQ?zHC?zH?}pCl?}p?C??GC?G?\CLU?\? Cg? ?C??ffC"?ff?C~y??C??=qC4?=q?Cb??C{CV@>{@>RCߴ@>R@?\)CC@?\)@@C@{@ffC)@ff@RCGo@R@ =C˅@ =@\)CO@\)@C@@CJC@@QCY@Q@C>V@@C@@GC3~@G@C@@C)@@=qC@=q@\C@\@HC@H@33C@33@Cy@@ Cb@ @(Cw@(@zC@z@Cn@@C@@pCT@p@C&@@{C=x@{@ffCg@ff@RC$@R@ =Cc@ =@\)C (@\)@CuT@@C޽@@QCJ@Q@C@@C)"@@GC @G@C,@@Ci@@=qC,@=q@\CH@\@HC@H@33C @33@C@@ C+@ @(Ce@(@zC@z@C&T@@C@@pC@p@Cp@@{C@{@ffCZ@ff@RC@R@ =C1%@ =@\)C,@\)@C~K@@C}Z@@QC{݊@Q@Cz@@Cyj@@GCxe@G@Cwa@@CvK@@=qCu%#@=q@\Cs)@\@HCr@H@33Cq^@33@Cp@@ Co5@ @(Cn@(@zCmr@z@ClaR@@CkV@@pCjS@p@CiQ!@@{ChL@{@ffCgH@ff@RCfJ@R@ =CeQ@ =@\)CdN@\)@Cc?I@@Cb0{@@QCa*>@Q@C`,@@C_/l@@GC^@G@C][@@C[@@=qCZ@=q@\CYA@\@HCX8@H@33CW@33@CV3@@ CUC@ @(CT@(@zCS@z@CR@@CQ@@pCPa@p@CPb@@{CN@{@ffCM@ff@RCL3@R@ =CK@ =@\)CJ@\)@CIe@@CHL0@@QCG9k@Q@CF-@@CE"@@GCD@G@CC @@CA@@=qC@@=q@\C?t@\@HC>@H@33C=@33@ÅC<Ç@Å@ C;l@ @(C:9@(@zC9e@z@C8i@@C7Z@@pC6\~@p@C5^@@{C4?@{@ffC3!@ff@ƸRC2@ƸR@ =C1@ =@\)C0b@\)@ǮC/@Ǯ@C-S@@QC,@Q@ȣC+@ȣ@C*@@GC)@G@əC(%@ə@C'@@=qC&{L@=q@ʏ\C%w@ʏ\@HC$m@H@33C#d@33@˅C"Qy@˅@ C!4O@ @(C 7@(@zC @z@C@@C@@pCh@p@C@@{C~@{@ffC_@ff@θRCذ@θR@ =Cf@ =@\)C'@\)@ϮC@Ϯ@C@@QC@Q@УC@У@C@@GCt@G@љC^#@љ@C R@@=qC R~@=q@ҏ\C Q@ҏ\@HC C@H@33C 6@33@ӅC1>@Ӆ@ C2@ @(C4@(@zC/@z@C)~@@C*@@pC3@p@C=@@{C1e@{@ffBL@ff@ָRBJ@ָR@ =B\@ =@\)Bq @\)@׮Bqy@׮@Bs@@QB@Q@أB%@أ@By@@GB쪖@G@ٙBꞯ@ٙ@BW@@=qB_@=q@ڏ\B@ڏ\@HB@H@33B,@33@ۅBO@ۅ@ Bl@ @(Bۋ@(@zB٠@z@B׷ @@B@@pB@p@BZ @@{BЖ<@{@ffB@ff@޸RBv@޸R@ =Bc@ =@\)Bɰ@\)@߮B o@߮@Bcu@@QBĪ]@Q@BW@@B@@GBg@G@ᙚB6@ᙚ@B6@@=qB{@=q@\B@\@HB<@H@33B@33@B"@@ B_@ @(B9@(@zB)@z@B@@B @@pB@p@B:@@{B@{@ffB@ff@RB@R@ =B5f@ =@\)Ba@\)@Bp@@B@@QB @Q@B3@@B@@GB^@G@陚B@陚@Bo@@=qB*@=q@\BՀ@\@HB}7@H@33B&D@33@B8@@ Bo'@ @(Bk@(@zBѭ@z@B.@@BL[@@pB@p@B@@{Ba@{@ffB@ff@RB]@R@ =B.@ =@\)B@\)@B@@B}7k@@QB{,@Q@Bxg@@Bvm@@GBt@G@Brk@@Bp@@=qBo@=q@\BmV@\@HBjۍ@H@33Bha@33@Bf7@@ Bd]@ @(Bb @(@zB`@z@B^@@B\@@pB[3A@p@BY},@@{BW@{@ffBUֻ@ff@RBT@R@ =BRZ@ =@\)BP@\)@BO @@BMq@@QBK@Q@BJ(-@@BH@@GBF@G@BEz@@BCq@@=qBA@=q@\B@@\@HB? P@H@33B=@33@B<>@@ B:tc@ @(B8h@(@zB75@z@B6:@@B4@@pB3sd@p@B2 @@{B0Z@{@ffB/R@ff@RB.j@R@ =B, @ =@\)B+@\)@B*(d@AB(AA(B'A(AQB&GAQAzB% AzAB#AAB"aAAB!jAAB WAAGBEAGApBSApABhAABzAABAA{Bf#A{A=qBOA=qAffB8AffA\B-A\ARB+ARAHB+AHA =B-A =A33B/A33A\)B&"A\)ABAAB5AA B A AB 'AA(B +A(AQB AQAzB AzAB ,AABH;AABb^AABzAAGBAGApBApABAABAAB'AA{BrA{A=qAPA=qAffA+AffA\A[qA\ARAARAHAAHA =A A =A33A_2A33A\)AA\)AAAAAUAA AA AA%AA(A댦A(AQAAQAzAWAzAAAAA:AAAAA A$A A GA>A GA pAA pA AݞA A AA A ALA A {Aؘ-A {A =qAeA =qA ffA՘cA ffA \AA \A RA҃A RA HAA HA =AgA =A 33AmA 33A \)A?cA \)A Aʜ.A A A2A A AkA A AA A (ALA (A QA·uA QA zA$A zA AA A AA A AvA A AA A GAOA GA pAA pA ARA A ANA A A A A{AuA{A=qAA=qAffArAffA\AA\ARALARAHAAHA =AA =A33AHA33A\)ASA\)AAAAA>AA A=bA AAwAA(AA(AQA1AQAzAAzAA AAAfAAAAAAAAGAH8AGApAApAAHAAAAAAAA{A{GA{A=qAA=qAffA{AffA\AStA\ARA ARAHAe2AHA =AA =A33AA33A\)A~YA\)AA{AAAxAA AuA AArAA(Ap@A(AQAmAQAzAkIAzAAh}AAAeAAAc AAA`AAGA^UAGApA[(ApAAYZAAAW;kAAATeAA{ARA{A=qAP/A=qAffAMrAffA\AK(A\ARAI3FARAHAFAHA =ADA =A33AB?A33A\)A?A\)AA=FAAA;PgAA A9xA AA6AA(A4A(AQA2AQAzA0s7AzAA.AFAAA,AAA)AAA'ݳAAGA%AGApA#uApAA!vAAAdAAAiAA{AqbA{A=qAA=qAffA AffA\AA\ARAdARAHAAHA =AA =A33A WA33A\)A AA\)AA .AAAQqAA AA AAAA(A A(AQA 8AQAz@\\AzA@FAA@AA@AA@/AAG@AGAp@ApA@GAA@UAA@ߧ/AA{@YA{A=q@A=qAff@մAffA\@ҞA\AR@ϿARAH@AHA =@A =A33@M>A33A\)@q-A\)A@AA@AA @̼A A @xA A (@%A (A Q@1WA QA z@@ A zA @;A A @=A A @CA A!@MA!A!G@YA!GA!p@C_A!pA!@0A!A!@._A!A!@;A!A"{@LBA"{A"=q@]A"=qA"ff@r0A"ffA"\@5A"\A"R@×A"RA"H@A"HA# =@&fA# =A#33@|A#33A#\)@wjA#\)A#@qhA#A#@kA#A# @fA# A$@aA$A$(@\A$(A$Q@WֵA$QA$z@SA$zA$@MA$A$@HA$A$@D<A$A%@?uA%A%G@;AA%GA%p@6nA%pA%@1A%A%@,A%A%@'A%A&{@"A&{A&=q@(A&=qA&ff@,A&ffA&\@@A&\A&R@'A&RA&H@5A&HA' =@ NA' =A'33@*A'33A'\)@A'\)A'?ۙA'A'?/A'A' ?A' A(?<0A(A((?WA((A(Q?zA(QA(z?A(zA(?VA(A(?Û]A(A(?ǨA(A)?RA)A)G?QA)GA)p?yA)pA)?-A)A)?YA)A)?&A)A*{?cA*{A*=q?A*=qA*ff?A*ffA*\?=A*\A*R?}:0A*RA*H?twA*HA+ =?l[A+ =A+33?ek=A+33A+\)?^NA+\)A+?WA+A+?PA+A+ ?JsDA+ A,?D+A,A,(?>[iA,(A,Q?9nA,QA,z?4`A,zA,?/KA,A,?*A,A,?%5A,A-?!A-A-G?A-GA-p?I!A-pA-?A-A-?UA-A-? A-A.{?A.{A.=q?2"A.=qA.ff?}'A.ffA.\>§A.\A.R>hA.RA.H>uA.HA/ =>$AA/ =A/33>ޒ4A/33A/\)>A/\)A/>78A/A/>ʇA/A/ >A/ A0>k